TORCH – A Cost-Effective, Environmentally Resilient Optical Clock for Commercial Timing Applications
Speakers
- Kevin Knabe (Vescent Technologies)
Description
Vescent Technologies, in partnership with the Danish National Metrology Institute (DFM), presents an overview of the Timekeeper for Optical and Radio frequencies using C2H2 (TORCH) – a prototype optical molecular clock designed to be environmentally resilient, cost-effective, and integrated within a compact chassis. This system is intended for deployment in both governmental and commercial advanced timekeeping applications. The abstract outlines system capabilities, initial instability metrics, and projected performance targets. Previous demonstrations of an optical clock based on acetylene (C2H2) molecules using commercial-off-the-shelf hardware, including robust optical frequency comb technology and optical frequency references based on narrow linewidth lasers stabilized to acetylene transitions. These results are documented in prior publications (https://vescent-production-media.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/files/675222b6883975273c5a46bb.pdf). Vescent has conducted a long-term measurement campaign where two acetylene optical clocks are compared with a Rb-disciplined GPS unit to characterize both short- and long-term performance. This campaign has been operating for over 45 days (3,888,000 seconds) in a well-trafficked laboratory setting without phase-slips, environmental shielding, or user intervention. Short-term instability of a single acetylene clock is below 3×10-13/τ1/2 and reaches a flicker floor of 2×10-14 at 100 seconds and beyond 1,000,000 seconds. No drift beyond the error bars has been measured to date. Notably, the acetylene clock out-performed the Rb-GPS system at averaging times up to 200,000 seconds. Performance data from these systems operating for over 90 days will be presented at the conference. Based on these findings, Vescent and DFM have designed TORCH – an integrated and automated version of the acetylene optical clock. Housed in a 3U rackmount enclosure, the system operate on standard AC power and supports remote operation via Ethernet. The 10 MHz and 100 MHz RF outputs are designed to support ADEVs < 4×10-13/τ1/2 with a flicker floor of <2×10-14 at timescales longer than 1,000 seconds; the system will also support TDEVs below 10 picoseconds at 1 hour and 450 picoseconds at 1 day. The 100 MHz output is engineered to exhibit phase noise below -80 dBc/Hz at 1 Hz offsets. The system features a warm-up time of less than 30 minutes and supports turn-key operation. Its projected operational lifetime exceeds 10 years, leveraging robust telecommunications-grade components, with early estimates suggesting significantly longer lifespans without requiring subcomponent replacement. Initial performance data from alpha prototype units and results from environmental sensitivity testing will be presented.